Acer palmatum is the botanical name for the Japanese Maple. The genus name Acer is Latin for “sharp,” possibly referring to the pointed lobes of the leaves. The species name palmatum refers to the leaf shape, which resembles an open hand or palm.

Japanese Maples are native to Japan, Korea, China, and parts of Mongolia and Russia. They have been cultivated in Japan for centuries, appearing in traditional gardens, temple landscapes, and bonsai collections since at least the 7th century. Over time, these trees became prized for their graceful form and brilliantly coloured foliage, particularly in autumn. Japanese Maples were introduced to Europe in the 19th century and quickly became favourites in botanic gardens and private collections. Today, they are cultivated around the world in both public landscapes and private gardens.

Traditionally, Acer palmatum has been used ornamentally rather than for food or medicine. In Japanese culture, it symbolises elegance, peace, and the impermanence of life, particularly during the brief but brilliant display of autumn leaves. The tree’s delicate structure and colour changes through the seasons have made it central to the practice of bonsai. It has also featured in Japanese woodblock prints and poetry.

How to grow from seed:

Stratify seeds: The seeds ripen in autumn and have a natural dormancy that must be broken before they will germinate. In Australia, the best time to sow seeds is late autumn to early winter, from May through July. These seeds need a process called cold stratification to mimic natural winter conditions. First, soak the seeds in warm water for 24 hours. Then place them in a sealed plastic bag with moist sand or peat moss and refrigerate them (normal shelf) at around 1 to 5 degrees Celsius for 90 to 120 days. This simulates the cold of winter and helps break the seed’s dormancy.

Plant: After stratification, the seeds can be sown into pots or seed trays filled with a free-draining mix, such as a blend of sand, peat, and compost. Sow the seeds about 5 millimetres deep. Keep the pots in a cool, shaded place and water regularly to maintain even moisture, avoiding both waterlogging and drying out. Germination can be slow and irregular, sometimes taking several weeks or months.

Grow on: Once the seedlings emerge, they should be kept in a sheltered position with dappled light. When they are large enough to handle, they can be potted up individually or planted out in the garden, preferably in autumn or early spring. Japanese Maples prefer a cool, moist climate with some protection from harsh afternoon sun and hot winds. They grow best in slightly acidic, well-drained soil enriched with organic matter.

Patience is key, as Japanese Maples grow slowly, but their eventual form and colour make them a highly rewarding addition to the garden. Each tree grown from seed is genetically unique, so the leaf shape, colour, and growth habit may differ from the parent tree. This diversity makes growing from seed appealing to collectors and enthusiasts!